Ancient paper or raw materials.

Paper is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.

As early as 1800 years ago, papermaking inventors CAI lun namely use tree skin (i.e., bark), hemp head (hards), open cloth (rag), broken fishing nets, etc as the raw material made from "Cai Hou paper ', in 105 AD to the eastern han dynasty and emperor, and highly praised.

The invention of papermaking has made great contribution to the progress of China and world civilization.

In the early days of papermaking, the raw materials were mainly rags and bark.

At that time, the rag was mainly hemp fiber, and the variety was mainly ramie and hemp.

It is said that the cotton in our country is in the early eastern han dynasty, and the Buddhism was introduced to India at the same time, so it should be a bit later.

In addition, the bark that was used at the time was mainly the texture of mulberry, which was known as "Mr.

In the wei, jin and southern and northern dynasties (A.D. 35 century), the variety, yield and quality of paper were increased and improved, and the raw materials of papermaking were more widely available.

History had paper deals with some materials related to the period of names, such as scribes with white linen and jute paper, citric acid leather cover paper, rattan class fiber shan rattan paper, paper made of mulberry mulberry root, made of straw paper, etc.

Therefore, in the period of wei, jin, southern and northern dynasties, it was widely used as raw materials for paper making, such as hemp, cotonia, mulberry, rattan fibers and straw.

As a raw material, bamboo has a different view.

Calligrapher of the northern and southern dynasties xiao zi-liang said in a letter "Samson as a foil, take its fluent, is advantageous for the running script", according to the textual research, namely NenZhu nutrient-laden foil paper, Samson is the eastern people, looks like bamboo paper may be initial in jin.

But the dosage is small.

In the tang dynasty, the politics, economy and culture of the tang dynasty flourished, and the paper industry also entered a prosperous period. The variety of paper was constantly increasing, producing a lot of paper and a lot of art treasures.

Papermaking materials are most widely used in tree bark.

It is mainly paper mulberry, mulberry, and also useful for the bark of aloes and bark.

Rattan fiber is also widely used, but in the late tang dynasty, due to the large number of wild vines being cut down, there was no management cultivation, the raw materials were in short supply, and the rattan paper was so weak that it disappeared in the Ming dynasty.

In the late song dynasty bamboo paper develops very fast, the market is the seven or eight of ten bamboo paper, dosage of it is conceivable that in terms of regions in sichuan, zhejiang, jiangxi, fujian, guangdong, hunan, hubei, etc., the land when pushed in zhejiang and sichuan.

In the process of the song dynasty bamboo paper is mostly no bleaching process, the paper is the raw material, except the color yellow, the bamboo paper also has the shortcoming of sexual brittleness.

The prosperity of bamboo paper in yuanming dynasty created a new chapter of history, especially the development of fujian.

Use of "clinker" production and natural bleaching, make bamboo paper production greatly improved.

As a result of the paper industry development in the qing dynasty, jute and bark traditional papermaking raw material can not meet the need, such as bamboo paper predominates in qing dynasty, and other straw have development, henan, shandong, shanxi and other places with straw, rushes.

In shaanxi, gansu and ningxia, some people use ma Lin grass, and the northwest USES achnatherum, and the northeast USES the urra.

Some wild grasses that were used by local residents in the late qing dynasty to make coarse grass paper.

In the end of the qing dynasty, with bagasse paper, zhang dongming set up a paper mill in xujiahe to use bagasse as raw material.

In the qing dynasty, there was no great progress in the production of straw pulp, and the bleaching grass was made from the refined method of imitation bamboo pulp and leather pulp.

The famous jingxian xuan paper is made from the refined rice straw pulp and sandalwood pulp made from a certain proportion, and the production process continues to this day.

Reeds are also used in the late qing dynasty.

According to three (3) years guangxu thirty-two years Oriental magazine: "Chen Xingtai in hankou bridge mouth place, set up a paper mill, successively in reed pulp, bagasse, straw pole (reed), such as try to make daily paper, productive".

Papermaking was invented in China and spread throughout the country.

By the beginning of the 7th century, the beginning of the sui dynasty began to spread to Korea and Japan.

In the 8th century it was introduced to samarkand, later Arabia, and then to Baghdad.

From the 10th century to Damascus, Cairo;

Introduced to Morocco in the 11th century;

Introduced to India in the 13th century;

From the 14th century to Italy, many Italian cities built paper mills, becoming an important base for the spread of papermaking in Europe, from there to Germany and Britain.

To Russia and the Netherlands in the 16th century;

The 17th century to England;

It was introduced to Canada in the 19th century.

Paper-making raw material and process is still used in the west after the acquisition of our country, give priority to with linen and rags, but European rag is common cotton fiber, the finished paper BoRen complaisant than Chinese products, and rags are in short supply.

By the end of the 19th century, under the impetus of the European industrial revolution, the machine paper with wood as the raw material developed rapidly, and it was widely believed that wood was a good raw material for paper making.

In the late qing dynasty and the early years of the republic of China, mechanized paper mills gradually appeared, and wood and non-wood materials were used.

"Han dynasty papermaking process flow diagram" vividly recreates the han period of papermaking, materials such as hemp head, cloth by water immersion, chopped, washing, cooking, rinse, pounded dao, adding water into the suspension, make pulp slurry, after drying becomes a paper.

Sewage sludge from longyou sewage treatment works "baby"

"This is the finished grey board made from sludge, which we usually see on the wall calendar."

Economic development zone of longyou RongHuai sewage treatment plant, the second phase of the plant workers are expertly tidy dry ash paperboard, specifications 150 * 90 cm, the thickness of only 1.5 mm cardboard cutting, printing, packaging, are transported into the warehouse.

Zhou wei, the head of the economic development zone, said that most of the sewage from the economic development zone came from paper enterprises, which had a high fiber content, and the dehydration sludge was added to the pulp of waste fiber, which became the raw material for low-end grey paper.

"The papermaking process is nothing more than ordinary, it's just raw materials and added waste."

Walk into the production plant, see the machine thundering operation, the gray sludge in the slurry tank after the paper cutting machine, formed into the original paper board.

In the adjacent cold press workshop, a staff member is familiar with the filter screen on each board. "the cold pressure is about 25 minutes, and the cold pressure is 300 each time."

The moisture content of the cardboard is about 60%, and can be reduced to 20% after the second cold pressure dehydration.

"In the end, it is sent to steam to dry and sterilize."

Zhou wei said that since the sludge paper project began in 2013, the machine update and technical improvement have also been upgraded.

Cold pressing process upgrade also specially added deodorant equipment.

In the whole production process, the odor is small, and the finished paper is regularly sent to the third party for inspection, the heavy metal residue and other important indicators are qualified.

"At the beginning of the monthly monitoring indicators, the production technology was stable and gradually extended to every quarter or half a year."

According to zhou wei, 40 tons of sewage sludge will be treated according to the sewage plant's treatment of 50,000 tons of sewage.

The sludge was originally used for landfill disposal, and the processing cost was about 10,000 yuan per day.

As a papermaking, it not only saves the processing cost directly, but also increases the profit and realizes the reuse of the sludge.

"We are now building inventories for the second half of the year, with a price of about $4 and over 3,500 copies per day."